(ii) ensure that the Jack is a minimum of 23m from the mat line after it has been centred.

(v) mark all Touchers immediately they come to rest, and remove marks from non-Touchers. With the agreement of both Opponents the Marker shall remove all dead bowls from the green and the ditch. The Marker shall mark the positions of the Jack and Touchers which are in the ditch (see Laws 23 and 29).

(viii) measure carefully all doubtful shots when requested by either player. If unable to come to a decision satisfactory to the players, the Marker shall call the Umpire whose decision shall be final.

(ix) enter the score at each end, and advise the players of the state of the game. When the game is finished, the Marker shall see that the Score Card, containing the names of the Opponents, is signed by them, and disposed of in accordance with the rules of the competition.

(x) Remove the mat from the previous end as necessary.

(iii) All measurements made by an Umpire shall be considered to be a matter of fact and shall not be subject to any challenge.

(iv) The Umpire’s decision upon questions relating to the meaning or interpretation of any Law or given on a set of circumstances not covered in the Law may be subject to an appeal to the Controlling Body by the Skip of either Team in a Team game, the Manager of either Side in a Sides game or either Opponent.

(v) The Umpire shall have available:

(a) a copy of the current Bowls NZ Laws of the Game.

The decision of an Umpire based on an interpretation of these Laws or given upon a set of circumstances not herein provided for, may be called into question by an appeal to the Controlling Body.

If the appellant requests, the Controlling Body shall submit the case to Bowls NZ for adjudication by the Judicial Committee, whose decision shall be binding.

(iv) If it be required that the result of the game or competition be decided forthwith or at the end of play on the day on which the incident occurred, then, whether or not the Umpire’s decision be later held by the Centre or the Judicial Committee of Bowls NZ to be incorrect, it shall be final and binding in respect of all circumstances adjudicated upon and no further action will be taken by the Centre or the Judicial Committee of Bowls NZ other than under the terms of Sub-clause (vi).

(v) If an immediate result of the game or competition be not considered necessary, or, if the game or competition involves play at a later date of a further round, and before such later date the decision made by the Umpire is held to be incorrect, either by the Centre or the Judicial Committee of Bowls NZ on appeal then the Centre or the Judicial Committee of Bowls NZ will forthwith make any consequential adjustment to the score and/or take any further action that may become necessary to rectify the result of the original decision of the Umpire.

(vi) In the event of the Umpire’s decision being ultimately held to be incorrect, or varied in any way, and whether the matter be dealt with under the terms of either Sub-clause (iv) or Sub-clause (v), in either case Bowls NZ or the relevant Centre shall take steps to disseminate the correct decision in the given circumstances.